The projects in this area deal with methodological approaches and tools for diagnosing learning processes and outcomes in history and political education. They also examine the broader effects of social science teaching and investigate political and historical competencies. Among other things, we analyze the effectiveness of specific educational programs such as Discuss it, whereby we are committed to a holistic and longitudinal approach. We are fundamentally interested in learning outcomes in the areas of debating, arguing, and judging, and, building on this, in the question of how oral skills can be specifically promoted.